{"id":2535,"date":"2018-01-22T13:30:04","date_gmt":"2018-01-22T10:30:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/?p=2535"},"modified":"2018-01-22T13:30:04","modified_gmt":"2018-01-22T10:30:04","slug":"erp-nedir-sirketler-icin-neden-onemlidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/erp-nedir-sirketler-icin-neden-onemlidir\/","title":{"rendered":"ERP Nedir, \u015eirketler \u0130\u00e7in Neden \u00d6nemlidir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u201cKurumsal Kaynak Planlama\u201d olarak \u00e7evrilen ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) sistemleri, \u201ckurumsal\u201d olan ve sahip oldu\u011fu \u201ckaynaklar\u201d\u0131 (para, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, malzeme, makine park\u0131, sabit k\u0131ymetler vb) bir \u201cplanlama\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla kontrol eden t\u00fcm firmalar\u0131n \u201cstratejik\u201d y\u00f6netim arac\u0131d\u0131r. Kaynaklar terimi ayn\u0131 zamanda, i\u015fbirli\u011fi halinde olunan nakliyeciler, g\u00fcmr\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcler, sigortac\u0131lar gibi 3. parti i\u015f ortaklar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsar.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bir ERP sistemini anlaml\u0131 k\u0131lan 3 bile\u015fenden en \u00f6nemlisi \u201ckurumsall\u0131k\u201d kavram\u0131d\u0131r. Firman\u0131n i\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7 (sat\u0131n alma, sat\u0131\u015f, mali i\u015fler vb) ve fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 (stok kontrol, nakit ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, maliyet vb) organizasyon \u015femas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00fcstlenen ki\u015filer, asl\u0131nda, ERP sistemlerinde yer alacak son, anahtar ve s\u00fcper kullan\u0131c\u0131lard\u0131r. Hangi unvanl\u0131 ki\u015finin hangi fonksiyonlar\u0131 yerine getirebilece\u011fi; hangi raporlar\u0131, listeleri ve veri seti bile\u015fenlerini (tedarik\u00e7i\/m\u00fc\u015fteri cari kartlar\u0131, risk limitleri, sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\/iskontolar\u0131 vb) g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi, ERP\u2019ler i\u00e7indeki yetkilendirme matrisleri sayesinde firman\u0131n kurumsalla\u015fmas\u0131na \u00f6nayak olur.<\/p>\n

Firma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirleriyle entegre etmenin ve koordinasyon i\u00e7inde e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc hareket etmelerini sa\u011flaman\u0131n en basit y\u00f6ntemi ERP kullanmakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, telefon, e-posta, SMS, mesajla\u015fmalar veya uzun ve s\u0131k s\u0131k yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131larla, firma mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f sipari\u015fleri, \u00f6demeler, tahsilatlar ve di\u011fer i\u015f fonksiyonlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda birbirlerine bilgi verme ihtiyac\u0131 en aza iner.
\nERP\u2019lerin \u00fcstlendi\u011fi bir di\u011fer g\u00f6rev, firma kaynak ve veri\/bilgilerini merkezile\u015ftirmesidir. Merkezi yap\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 firmalarda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6rnek i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 (sat\u0131n alma sipari\u015fi, kantar, hammadde depo ve kalite) s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ge\u00e7en; tedarik\u00e7i firma ad\u0131, malzeme ad\u0131, malzeme kodu gibi en temel 3 veri, ilgili her b\u00f6l\u00fcmde m\u00fckerrer olarak kullan\u0131lan formlara i\u015flenir. Verilerin her b\u00f6l\u00fcmde m\u00fckerrer olarak manuel i\u015flenmesi, ERP kullanmayan firmalarda en s\u0131k rastlanan, hataya a\u00e7\u0131k ve zaman kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden olan bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Henry FORD\u2019un 1908 \u2013 1927 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 15 milyon adet satan T modeli, montaj hatlar\u0131nda 93 dakikada \u00fcretilebiliyordu. Bug\u00fcn TOYOTA\u2019n\u0131n Motomachi fabrikas\u0131nda otomobil \u00fcretim \u00e7evrim zaman\u0131 ise 2,2 dakika. 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda ayn\u0131 modelden 15 milyon ara\u00e7 \u00fcretilebilirken, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda ayn\u0131 montaj hatt\u0131nda (Magna International) parti b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1 olan, yani her modelin farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu otomobiller arka arkaya imal ediliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnek, i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 rekabet\u00e7i ve ac\u0131mas\u0131z ortam\u0131 gayet sade \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli basit \u00fcretimler yerine lot b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc az ve \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k imalatlar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn modas\u0131 haline geliyor. \u00dcreticilerin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar oldu\u011fu End\u00fcstri 2.0 ve 3.0\u2019dan m\u00fc\u015fterinin kral oldu\u011fu End\u00fcstri 4.0 devrine ge\u00e7ilmesiyle, kontrol etmek\/y\u00f6netmek zorunda oldu\u011fumuz veri\/bilgi say\u0131s\u0131 da eksponansiyel (\u00fcssel) olarak artm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Firmalar aras\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 rekabet, maliyetlere hakimiyeti ba\u015f role \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Art\u0131k pa\u00e7al yani toplu maliyet hesaplamak yerine, her bir \u00fcr\u00fcn (SKU), proje ve hizmet i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131, detayl\u0131 maliyetlerin bilinmesi isteniyor. S\u0131k fakat k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sipari\u015fler, hakim olunmak zorunda olunan b\u00fcy\u00fck veriler, zaman bask\u0131s\u0131 (talebin al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sipari\u015fin m\u00fckemmel olarak kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre) ve hatas\u0131z operasyonlar\u0131n gereklili\u011fiyle birle\u015fince, bir sistem yani ERP olmadan i\u015fin s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flamak neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir hal al\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>\n

ERP\u2019nin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek, merkezi ve koordine yap\u0131 olmadan, m\u00fc\u015fteri tahsilat\u0131 ile tedarik\u00e7i \u00f6deme \u00e7evrim zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak, ancak farkl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tuttuklar\u0131 raporlar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesiyle sa\u011flanabiliyor. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ERP, firma i\u00e7indeki da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k veri adac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tek bir kara par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getiren ara\u00e7 g\u00f6revini \u00fcstleniyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u00f6netmek zorunda olunan b\u00fcy\u00fck ve kompleks i\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7leri aras\u0131ndaki yetersiz ileti\u015fim ve ka\u011f\u0131tl\u0131 ortamda harcanan uzun zamanlar, ERP\u2019ye ihtiyac\u0131n en basit g\u00f6stergeleri. Organizasyon i\u00e7indeki g\u00fcnl\u00fck basit i\u015flerde \u00f6nemli fonksiyonlar\u0131 y\u00f6netmeyi ve s\u00fcre\u00e7leri otomatize etmeyi sa\u011flayan ERP\u2019ler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n dikkat gerektiren daha kritik i\u015flere odaklanabilmesi i\u00e7in gereken bo\u015f zaman\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. \u0130lgili durum sadece i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rmakla kalm\u0131yor, operasyonel ve genel y\u00f6netim giderlerinin de dramatik olarak d\u00fc\u015fmesine yar\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n g\u00f6rev\/sorumluluklar\u0131n basitle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in, ERP yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 tercih ediliyor. Yeni gen\u00e7li\u011fin tercihleri, s\u0131k s\u0131k i\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi beraberinde getiriyor. Personel \u00e7evrim h\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fcksek olan firmalarda adaptasyon ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, ERP iyi bir rehber g\u00f6revini g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Organizasyona yeni kat\u0131lanlara i\u015fi eski \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmesi yerine, ERP\u2019ye tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f ekranlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden e\u011fitim verilmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olan y\u00f6ntem. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, eski \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n do\u011fru s\u00fcre\u00e7leri aktaraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir garantisi bulunmuyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

E-d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yani e-fatura, e-defter, e-ar\u015fiv ve son olarak da ihracat s\u00fcre\u00e7leri i\u00e7in e-irsaliye, firmalar\u0131 sistemli yani ERP temelli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya iten bir di\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fim. E-irsaliyede GT\u0130P (G\u00fcmr\u00fck Tarifesi \u0130statistik Pozisyonu) kodlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle manuel e\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi bile durumun vahametini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in yeterli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kurumsal haf\u0131zan\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana de\u011fil sisteme dayal\u0131 y\u00f6netim tarz\u0131n\u0131n desteklenmesi, do\u011fru bilgiye k\u0131sa zamanda ve otomatik olarak ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 isteniyorsa; ERP d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n sunduklar\u0131na mutlaka detayl\u0131 olarak bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u201cKurumsal Kaynak Planlama\u201d olarak \u00e7evrilen ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) sistemleri, \u201ckurumsal\u201d olan ve sahip oldu\u011fu \u201ckaynaklar\u201d\u0131 (para, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, malzeme, makine park\u0131, sabit k\u0131ymetler vb) bir \u201cplanlama\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla kontrol eden t\u00fcm firmalar\u0131n \u201cstratejik\u201d y\u00f6netim arac\u0131d\u0131r. Kaynaklar terimi ayn\u0131 zamanda, i\u015fbirli\u011fi halinde olunan nakliyeciler, g\u00fcmr\u00fck\u00e7\u00fcler, sigortac\u0131lar gibi 3. parti i\u015f ortaklar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsar. Bir ERP […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genelbilgi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2535"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2535\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2536,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2535\/revisions\/2536"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ozgurguler.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}